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Shared costs

Nickel in Sulawesi Tengah

12 sites share the same problems (heavy metals, NO₂ in the air, a school near mining, sediment and erosion). If they carry the solutions together, the clean-up costs Rp 1.3 tn over 10 years instead of Rp 1.7 tn: 24.6% less.

TogetherRp 1.3 tnover 10 years
Alone, summedRp 1.7 tnover 10 years
SavedRp 427 bn24.6%
Solutions shared1112 sites
No site pays more than aloneIndicative: most unit prices are working assumptionsModel cluster.v1 · Computed 23 Oct 2026

The sites and what connects them

Circle size is the hectares to restore. Colour shows whether the land lies inside a mining permit.

IMIP Bahodopi1KENCANA BUMI MINERAL23SARANA MAJU CEMERLANG45LABOTA BAHODOPI SORAJAI6GRAHA MINING UTAMA7FADLAN MULIA JAYA8CAHAYA GINDA GANDA9SYNERGY BARAPRIMA GEMILA10OTI EYA ABADI11GRAHA MINING UTAMA12BINTANGDELAPAN MINERAL5 km
  • Inside a permit
  • No permit
  • Catchment
  • River
  • Main river of the catchment
  • POCO route from IMIP Bahodopi
  • Pipes or feeder grid
  • Depot

Tap a site on the map or in the list for its details.

What they share

Cost over 10 years, Rp million. Each group is made of sites that can really share the solution.

SolutionSitesAlone, summedTogetherSaving
POCO plus tailored microbes on every mined cell of every site, driven from site to site on a planned route.12687,866663,054−4%
One microbe mix designed per goal (for example gold plus mercury) and tested in one lab, instead of one design and one courier run per site.1220,45910,508−49%
Drone flights, satellite checks and plots, with one team driving past all sites.1218,91610,093−47%
One nursery for the seedlings of all sites in half a day's drive, instead of buying or building one each.42,4361,478−39%
One nursery for the seedlings of all sites in half a day's drive, instead of buying or building one each.21,7821,453−18%
One nursery for the seedlings of all sites in half a day's drive, instead of buying or building one each.26,0985,850−4%
One nursery for the seedlings of all sites in half a day's drive, instead of buying or building one each.31,5091,397−7%
Catchment 5120034660523,35221,214−9%
Catchment 5120034670239,58639,175−1%
Catchment 512003467025,4145,082−6%
NO₂ zone morowali-bahodopi12929,260550,541−41%

POCO and microbes go on every mined cell of every site: there is no separate POCO zone.

ESMI unit rent, capacity and price tiers are working assumptions until the ESMI price list is published.

Data grade: A measured or official, B derived from a public source, C estimate with a source, D working assumption.

From separate bills to one shared bill

Each bar is what one shared solution saves, Rp million over 10 years.

Alone, summedRp 1.7 tnMobile POCO unit−Rp 24.8 bnMicrobe lab−Rp 10.0 bnMeasuring and reporting−Rp 8.8 bnTree nursery−Rp 1.6 bnWater treatment per catchment−Rp 2.9 bnElectric ore haulage−Rp 379 bnTogetherRp 1.3 tn

The axis starts at Rp 968 bn, so the savings are readable.

Amounts per site and per party are for members

The cluster, its problems, the solutions and the total saving are public. The bill per site and the split over the parties need a verified account, because they name what each site carries.

The parties in the split

  • Donors and fundsClean-up of land with no responsible party, paid from money ESMI raises externally.
  • CooperativeLabour in kind, and income-earning assets such as the MOCAF factory.
  • VillageVillage fund and cleaner water.
  • LandownersLand in kind, and a share of carbon income.
  • Permit holder (legal duty)The part of the site inside its permit. The legal reclamation duty stays with the holder, who has its own bill.
  • Government (Pemda)The government leads and is the single point of contact, but does not pay. The share that used to sit with the government is now carried by donors; ESMI raises that money externally.
  • ESMIESMI's discount on POCO and the lab (grows with the group) and its share as carbon developer.

The polluter comes first: a permit holder carries the share of the site inside its permit, in full and on its own bill. It does not move to others.

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How it gets funded

The full clean-up budget of this cluster is Rp 1.3 tn over 10 years (Rp 1.7 tn if every site did it alone), for at least 4,036 ha mapped; hectares found in the field are added.

ESMI raises the money externally: donors and international funds for land with no responsible party, and impact finance repaid from what the cleaned land yields for permit land. The reclamation guarantee of the holder is the backstop.

The legal duty stays where the law puts it: with the permit holder for land inside its permit, and with the government for land without a responsible party. The government leads and is the single door; it is not the payer.

Carbon: alone or together

Credits are a scenario per site, not a promise. Only land that is additional counts: the part inside a permit is a legal duty and earns no credits.

Amounts per site and per party are for members

Is the split fair?

The share of each site in one solution, under six ways of splitting. The platform proposes Shapley and checks that nobody and no sub-group pays more than alone.

11 of 11 groups are stable under the proposed split.

Amounts per site are shown to members.

The group council chooses the method. Shapley is the default because it is the easiest to explain and the only one that treats equal sites equally.

Joining and leaving

Every site decides on its own whether to join, through the vote in Shared decisions. A group council with one delegate per site decides about the group.

Nobody already in may pay more because of a newcomer. If that would happen, the newcomer pays the difference on top of its share, or the council refuses.

Joining and leaving happen at fixed moments: the next verification for carbon, the next route planning for the POCO unit (every quarter), every quarter for the rest.

Legal form (proposal, to be confirmed with legal advice): villages through a BKAD, cooperatives through a secondary cooperative, permit holders and the government through a cooperation agreement.

Cleaner air in the same zone

The sites in this cluster lie in the NO₂ zone morowali-bahodopi. The shared e-truck hub and feeder grid replace diesel haulage; the bigger gain is replacing the emitters themselves.

The shared hub saves Rp 379 bn (Rp, over 10 years) against every mine building its own.

Pathway: coal power to solar plus storage or other renewables, SCR on coal as an interim step, electric haul trucks, cleaner fuel at jetties.

The full scenario cuts the NO₂ signal over the zone by about 67% (grade D, see the air page).

Benefits: fuel savings, carbon price, health, a green premium for low-carbon nickel, jobs and financing routes.

Power plants in the zone are named as published by Global Energy Monitor. Their part follows polluter pays, by NOx share.

Data and what we do not know

Sources: footprints Cheng et al. 2026; permits ESDM Minerba register; rivers and catchments HydroSHEDS (Lehner and Grill 2013); NO₂ Sentinel-5P; plants Global Energy Monitor (CC BY 4.0); prices: working assumptions in model cluster.v1.

  • Distances are straight lines times 1.4 (a road factor, grade D). Real routing over the road network comes later.
  • Catchments come from a 90 m model. For small coastal rivers the border can be off by a few hundred metres.
  • Mercury is measured on few sites. Splitting by pollution load is therefore not reliable where it is missing.
  • Most unit prices are grade D and have no quotes. The structure and the proportions are more reliable than the absolute amounts.

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